A Complete Guide to 1×2/2×2 1310/1550nm Fused WDM: How It Works and Where It’s Used

In today’s fast-growing optical communication industry, boosting data transmission efficiency is more important than ever. One key technology that makes this possible is Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). In this blog, we’ll focus on a widely used and cost-effective type: the 1×2/2×2 1310/1550nm Fused WDM. We’ll explain how it works, what makes it valuable, where it’s used, and why it’s a smart investment for your network.

Fused WDM

What Is a Fused WDM?

Fused WDM is a passive optical component that combines or splits light signals of different wavelengths (typically 1310nm and 1550nm) using a special fiber fusion technique. This component allows two signals to travel through a single fiber without interfering with each other.

Thanks to its compact size, low loss, and high reliability, it’s widely used in:

  • Fiber optic communication systems
  • CATV (cable TV)
  • Optical sensors
  • Passive Optical Networks (PON)

Understanding 1×2 vs. 2×2 WDM: What’s the Difference?

▍1×2 Fused WDM

A 1×2 WDM has one input and two outputs. It’s mainly used to combine (multiplex) or split (demultiplex) two wavelengths.

For example:

  • Combine a 1310nm and a 1550nm signal into one fiber
  • Or separate them from one fiber into two outputs

▍2×2 Fused WDM

A 2×2 WDM has two inputs and two outputs. It supports bidirectional transmission, meaning signals can travel both ways. It’s useful for networks that need redundancy or more complex routing.

Feature1×2 Fused WDM2×2 Fused WDM
Input Ports12
Output Ports22
DirectionOne-wayTwo-way
Network ComplexityLowMedium to High
Redundancy SupportNoYes

How Does It Work?

The magic of Fused WDM lies in its fused biconic taper (FBT) technology. Here’s how it works:

  1. Two fibers are heated until they soften (fuse).
  2. They’re pulled (tapered) while fusing to form a narrow coupling region.
  3. In this region, light of different wavelengths behaves differently:
    • One wavelength couples into the other fiber
    • The other continues on the same path

By precisely controlling this process, engineers can separate or combine specific wavelengths without significant signal loss.

Key Performance Specifications

When choosing a Fused WDM, pay attention to the following parameters:

SpecificationTypical ValueWhat It Means
Operating Wavelength1310/1550 nmDual-window standard
Bandwidth±20 nmAcceptable range
Insertion Loss≤0.8 dB (≤0.5 typ.)Lower = better
Isolation≥40 dBHigher = better separation
Return Loss≥50 dBLower signal reflection
Polarization Dependent Loss≤0.1 dBConsistency across signals
Operating Temperature-40 ~ +85°CFor tough environments

Real-World Applications of Fused WDM

▍Fiber Communication Systems

Used in backbone networks to combine or split signals, making the most of a single fiber.

▍Passive Optical Networks (PON)

Separates uplink and downlink signals (e.g., 1310nm upstream, 1550nm downstream) for smoother fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) setups.

▍FTTH Deployments

Allows both internet and TV signals to share the same fiber line to a home or office.

▍CATV (Cable TV)

Used to deliver video over 1550nm, while separating it from internet signals.

Fused WDM vs. Other WDM Technologies

There are several types of WDM devices on the market. Here’s how Fused WDM compares:

TypeCostStabilityChannelsBest For
Fused WDMLowHighFew (1–4)FTTH, CATV
Thin-Film Filter WDMMediumMediumMediumEnterprise Networks
AWG/DWDMHighVery HighMany (8+)Data Centers

Fused WDM strikes the perfect balance of cost, performance, and simplicity — ideal for entry-level or access network deployments.

Choosing the Right Fused WDM

▍Packaging Options

  • Steel Tube: Strong protection, good for outdoor use
  • ABS Box: Easier cable management, perfect for indoor racks

▍Connector Types

You can choose SC, LC, FC connectors or bare fiber ends for splicing.

▍Buying Tips

  • Confirm your wavelength requirements (1310/1550nm)
  • Choose the correct type: 1×2 for single direction, 2×2 for dual-way use
  • Match the product to your application: FTTH, CATV, PON, etc.

Why Choose Fiber-Life for Fused WDM?

When it comes to sourcing quality Fused WDMs, Fiber-Life is a trusted global supplier. We offer a wide range of 1×2 and 2×2 1310/1550nm Fused WDMs, available in various package types and specifications.

Here’s why customers trust Fiber-Life:

  • Low insertion loss & high isolation
  • Steel Tube, ABS box, and custom packaging
  • Fast delivery from global warehouses
  • Custom solutions for bulk projects

Whether you’re building a new network or expanding your current one, Fiber-Life can help you get the components you need — on time and within budget.

Final Thoughts

Fused WDMs may look small, but they play a huge role in making modern optical networks more efficient and cost-effective. The 1×2/2×2 1310/1550nm Fused WDM in particular is perfect for dual-wavelength systems that require reliable and low-loss performance.

Looking for high-quality WDM components? Fiber-Life offers professional-grade 1310/1550nm Fused WDMs tailored for telecom, CATV, FTTH, and other optical applications. Explore our product line today to discover solutions that combine performance, affordability, and flexibility.

👉 Visit Fiber-Life.com to learn more!

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